Here are our notes for class (TR 9:25-10:40). Thanks!
- Tricky Hollywood accounting
- prevention of profit sharing; illusion that a profit is never made; studio charges itself claiming distribution charges, but distributor is owned by studio
- Theater extortion
- Theater extortion
- studios get almost all, if not all, of ticket sales; therefore concessions prices are hiked up to compensate for the loss of profit
- Fake Reviews
- Fake Reviews
-studios hire people to write fake reviews/positive reviews
- Copyright Battles
- Copyright Battles
-you can’t copyright an idea- pitching an idea that can’t be copyrighted could result in the loss of the idea to another entity: i.e. Facebook
- Script theft accusations
- Script theft accusations
-writers who pitch ideas claim studios stole scripts but in reality, there were never copyrighted
- Writers don't come up with ideas (producers do)
- Writers don't come up with ideas (producers do)
-writers are then paid to take the idea and develop it
- Importance of the international market
- Importance of the international market
- if a movie won’t translate well to other markets, it won’t be made; if references aren’t identifiable by other cultures it will not be successful
- Development hell
- Development hell
-what happens after a script is sold; who knows if it will ever make it to a screen!
- The movie ratings system
- The movie ratings system
- content determined by the studios to get the rating they want, G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17, big studios get more wiggle room with content than smaller studios, X-rating no longer used except for in porn.
- The importance of merchandising
- The importance of merchandising
- to keep profit flowing in afterward ticket sales; if a movie can’t be turned into merchandise and other properties, it won’t be produced.
Drama & Storytelling
Dramatic formula
- Exposition/introduction = normal life (regular universe)
- Rising Action = started by trigger/inciting incident (character development + plot twists)
- Climax = Point of no return!
- Falling Action = picking up pieces of story (does hero win? what are results of climax?)
- Denouement = new universe (seeing emotional change in the protagonists life and how the story changed them)
Stock characters
-reluctant hero = hero that doesn't wanna hero today.
-comic sidekick = funny sidekick that hangs and can sometimes ruin a story
-nerdy girl = zooey deshanel
-wacky neighbor = flanders
-wise old man = mr. miyagi
Stock Situations
-bitter rivals = pokemon
-dysfunctional nuclear family = simpsons
-middle child = Malcolm in the middle
-team of three girls = powerpuff girls
-ill-fated lovers = romeo and Juliet
Plot = story? overall story arch
Theme = central topic story follows (underlying message/big idea)
Genres = (tragedy, comedy, mystery, action/horror, reality)
Sports as drama = football (expo would be pregame) (kick off = trigger) (rising action = different plays) (climax maybe 4th quarter) (denouement = which team wins in the end)
Sound recording overview
Phonograph and Edison- Invented by Edison, helped revolutionize sound recording. Specifically he didn't think it would be used for music.
Gramophone and Berliner- Invented by Berliner, intended for music.
Nickelodeons- Pay a penny to hear a sound recording, or see pictures.
Cylinders vs. flat discs- Two different ways to record sound. Flat disks worked better.
Berliner’s Victrola- Mass produced flat phonograph record
Impact of radio on recording industry- Almost killed the recoding industry. People were able to access music without a physical copy of the music. Also access to music without the need to purchase it.
Importance of the jukebox during the Depression- Gave people a sense of hope during a dark time.
Rock n’ roll’s importance- Saved the music industry, also a new form of music.
RIAA- A trade group that represents the U.S. recording industry
New business models- Subscription and streaming servces. Rather than buying individual music.
Organization of industry—talent, production, distribution, retail
Types of distribution- Radio, physical copies, streaming
Ownership of industry- The big 4 that own the industry. Universal owns EMI and their 8% share. In total owns 43% of the market. Sony owns 22%.
Departments within typical recording company- Talent, distribution, production, retail, and syndication
Economic State of Music Sales Worldwide (IFPI Digital Music Report)- 6.8 Billion revenue in 2014, streaming music is increasing.
Nielsen Music Report- Monitor the music industry and report quantitative data.
- Marconi broadcasted Morris Code, Fessenden was the first time the human voice was heard on radio, de Forest created the vacuum tube
- TV on Radio-Radio is the foundation for what happens on TV, and TV wouldn’t be what it is without radio
- “Toll broadcasting” gave radio a way to monetize that didn’t anger listeners
- FM (frequency modulation)-better sound, but cannot travel as far
- AM (amplitude modulation)-broadcast far, but inferior sound
- Voice compression-shrink pauses to add more commercials
- KDKA-first radio station in the country
- Radio Act of 1927-created by the FRC
- Communications Act of 1934-created by the FCC, FRC became FCC, thought they’d be more in future
- Telecommunications Policy of Act of 1996
Understanding TV Ratings (from blog + class)
Nielsen Media Research- Gathering information on how many households are watching certain program at a certain time
Rating vs. Share (know that successful talk shows typically get low ratings but high shares) Rating is % of potential houses. Shares are when TV is turned on
Key Demo for entertainment-18-49
Key Demo for news-25-54
GRP = "gross ratings point"
HUT- households using television
TVHH- Television HouseHolds
C3-Commercials 3 days after
number of individual who watch commercials 3 days after air date
target audience=18-49yrs old
Live + 7- top watched tv shows including what is watched on DVR
Nielsen Family- family whose TV watching habits are recorded for studies
Overnight Ratings (Set-top boxes)
Sweeps Months (November, February, May, July)- May and November are big sweeps months, February and July/August are mini sweeps months
People Meters- audience measuring tool used to measure viewing habits of viewers
Diaries-People writing down TV viewing habits (what they watch & when)
Telephone Coincidentals- who's watching what on each television by calling Hollywood is Producing Higher Highs, Lower Lows
Big budget films are either hit or miss creating a risky environment for films creating more competition for big box films. Mid-range films are not doing well.
2014 Studio Profitability
Both Paramount and Universal went down in everything. Disney's profitability outranked everyone else.
Disney sets revenue record
Disney set a revenue record of $52.5 billion and scored a record $8.4 billion in net income. Disney reminds Wall Street that there will be three Star Wars movies released before the end of 2017. Disney also announced that they struck a deal allowing Sony's PlayStation Vue to stream its channels, including ABC and ESPN.
2014 Theatrical Market Statistics
Chinese box office increases 34% in 2014. It became the first international box office to surpass $4 billion in sales. 57% of box office revenue came from women.
IFPI Digital Music Report 2014
Stream and subscription rates surge & performance rights grow (p7)
Digital revenue breakdown- Downloading #1 way to obtain music
Global Recording Artists- Top 5
1) One Direction
2) Eminem
3) Justin Timberlake
4) Bruno Mars
5) Katy Perry
Spotify- top way to stream music online
Physical campaign in a digital world
· Vinyl starts to make a comeback
Understanding TV Ratings
Common Terms:
TV HHs: the Nielsen estimate of the number of television households in the USA
PERS 2+: The Nielsen estimate for the number of people aged 2 and over in the USA
LIVE+SD: The number that watched a program either while it was broadcast OR watched via DVR on the same day the program was broadcast (kind of, see below)
LIVE+7: Same as above, but 7 days rather than 3.
Ratings: Nielsen uses a ratings point system. 1 ratings point = 1% of the Nielsen estimate for the category being measured (more detail below).
A18-49 or Adults 18-49 Ratings - advertising demographic advertisers are usually most interested in for primetime shows. It's the important number in terms of how well a show is doing. Total viewers (P2+ above) don't really make a difference.
Time Shifted Viewing – Program ratings for national sources are produced in three streams of data – Live, Live + Same Day (Live+SD) and Live + 7 Day (Live+7).
Households Using Television (HUT): The percentage of all television households in a survey area with one or more sets in use during a specific time period.
(If you see a HHs rating of 6.2, that means 6.2% of the households were tuned into that program.)
Who Owns Radio in the U.S.
ABC Radio:
• 73 Radio stations throughout nation in leading markets
• ABC Inc. is subsidiary of Walt Disney Company
Beasley Broadcasting:
• Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc.
• 42 stations (26 FM, 16 AM)
• Since 1961
• Large to midsize markets
Buckley Radio:
• 20 stations in seven market
CBS Radio - Infinity Broadcasting:
• 179 Stations
• Nation’s top 50 markets
Clear Channel:
• 240 stations in US, Australia, Mexico, and New Zealand
COX Radio:
• One of largest broadcasting companies in US
• 80 stations in 18 markets
Cumulus:
• Second largest broadcasting company based on numbers
• Broadcasts to mid-size markets
• 306 Stations in 61 markets
Emmis:
• Owns many large stations in the US
What TV Ratings Really Mean
-Knowing who’s watching
-Nielson Media Research finds out who watches by measuring a sample size of viewers.
-The sample is around 5,000 households containing over 13,000 people to represent the 110 million households in US.
-Nielson measures the number of homes, TVs, programs, commercials and people
-In order to measure these factors, subjects agree to have metering equipment installed on their TVs, VCRs (if they still have them) and cable boxes or satellite dishes.
-The meters are connected to a black box and in the middle of the night the information from all black boxes are sent to Nielson’s central computers.
-When and where commercials are aired is measured.
-Ratings care much about who is watching, especially age demographics, 18-49 being known as the “key demo.”
-In addition to meters, diaries are another way Nielson gets people to record their viewing habits. They write down who watched, what they watched and what channel.
-Ratings are used to attract advertisers or tell a network whether to renew or cancel a show.
No comments:
Post a Comment